: Provides a steady baseflow, particularly in the middle and lower reaches where it can account for over 46% of the runoff. Ecological and Economic Importance
Yet Kaidu’s legacy outlasted his empire. He had proven that the nomadic warrior spirit could defy the world’s greatest land power for four decades. He delayed the Yuan dynasty’s consolidation of Central Asia by half a century, allowing Turkic and Mongol identities to survive. Later steppe rebels—from Timur (Tamerlane) to the Oirats—would invoke Kaidu’s name as a symbol of resistance against settled empires. : Provides a steady baseflow, particularly in the
: Dominant in spring and early summer, accounting for roughly 52% of the runoff. : Provides a steady baseflow