In these cases, first-line therapy switches to:
| Remedy | Verdict | Evidence Level | |--------|---------|----------------| | | Mild benefit via TRPM8 receptor cooling sensation; do not ingest. | Moderate | | Spicy foods (capsaicin) | Temporarily thins mucus and triggers a “runny” reflex; no effect on swelling. | Moderate | | Onion or horseradish | Volatile compounds stimulate tear/nasal glands; short-lived. | Low | | Vitamin C / Zinc | May shorten cold duration slightly but no direct decongestant effect. | Low to moderate for colds, none for congestion | | Bromelain (from pineapple) | Some evidence for reducing nasal swelling after sinus surgery; mixed for general congestion. | Low |
Fortunately, several effective treatments are available to relieve sinus congestion, ranging from home remedies and over-the-counter medications to prescription treatments and surgical interventions.