| Concept | Directionality | Cruelty | Reciprocity | |---------|---------------|---------|-------------| | Voyeurism | One-way | Passive | No | | Trolling | One-way (target) | Active | Rare | | Nonton berbalas kejam | Circular | Active & reciprocal | Yes |
"Haduh, jadi teringat nasib jadi guru kemarin. Pas nonton video berbalas kejam ini, jadi ingat murid yang buat PR tapi jawabannya malah nge-roasting balik. Wajah polos tapi kata-kata tajam! 😂 Pedihnya jiwa, tapi lucu juga sih kalau bukan kita yang kena. #HumorGuru #BerbalasKejam #Kocak" nonton berbalas kejam
Indonesia has a high rate of social media use and a history of hakim maya (virtual judge) phenomena (Lim, 2017). Cases range from shaming corrupt officials to bullying LGBTQ+ individuals. However, existing studies focus on one-directional punishment, not the mutual escalation described here. | Concept | Directionality | Cruelty | Reciprocity