Misa Kebesheska: Free

To understand the Misa Kebesh, one must first define the Kebesh as an institution. Unlike the older provincial system (e.g., Tigray, Gojjam) which were often ruled by hereditary nobles with significant autonomy, the Kebesh system in Shewa was designed for tighter central control.

This created a class of local gentry loyal to Shewa but also sowed the seeds for future agrarian conflicts. The Kebesh administration also introduced the Gebbar system, a form of tenancy that required peasants to provide tribute to the local governor, effectively monetizing and feudalizing the local economy. misa kebesheska