| Actor | Typical Action | |-------|----------------| | | Issue DMCA notices, file lawsuits, collaborate with anti‑piracy firms (e.g., MarkMonitor). | | ISPs | Block domains under court orders (common in countries like Australia, India). | | Search Engines | De‑rank known piracy sites in search results, sometimes remove them from index. | | Governments | Pass legislation criminalizing large‑scale distribution; allocate resources for cyber‑investigations. | | Consumers | Shift toward affordable legal alternatives when available; some continue to use VPNs or proxy services to bypass blocks. |