Banyuwangi, located at the eastern tip of Java, has long been stereotyped as a "warehouse" of magical knowledge. This reputation is rooted in the heritage of the Osing people , the indigenous ethnic group of the region.
Historically, Banyuwangi has been labeled by outsiders as "Kota Pesulap" (City of Magicians) or a hub for Dukun Santet (black magic sorcerers). This reputation stems from the strong oral traditions regarding the acquisition of supernatural power ( ngelmu ). In the past, seeking knowledge from spiritual teachers ( guru or kyai ) in the forests of the Ijen plateau or along the coast was a rite of passage for young men seeking power, protection, or influence. santet banyuwangi