Active Transport — Primary Vs Secondary

| Type | Direction | Example | |------|-----------|---------| | (cotransport) | Both solutes move in the same direction | SGLT (Na⁺ and glucose into cell) | | Antiport (exchange) | Solutes move in opposite directions | Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchanger (NCX) |

: This pump uses ATP to transport 3 sodium ions ( Na+ ) out of the cell and 2 potassium ions (K+) into the cell against their concentration gradients. The energy from ATP hydrolysis (breaking down ATP into ADP and inorganic phosphate) drives this transport. active transport primary vs secondary

Creates an electrochemical gradient – a form of stored energy. Secondary active transport but relies on the energy

Secondary active transport but relies on the energy stored in an electrochemical gradient of one molecule to transport another molecule against its concentration gradient. This process cotransports (moves together) two molecules: one down its gradient (usually Na+ or H+ ), and the other against its gradient. and the other against its gradient.