As European powers increased their naval presence and cooperation, pirateering became more difficult and less profitable. The rise of steam-powered ships and modern naval technology further reduced the opportunities for pirates.
Pirateering arises when privateers exceed their commissions, fail to observe prize court procedures, or continue operations after peace treaties. Conversely, pirates have occasionally claimed retroactive legitimacy, arguing they acted under de facto state authority. pirateering
: When states sponsor "predatory" practices, international cooperation breaks down. As European powers increased their naval presence and