An ISO image is a sector-by-sector copy of an optical disc (CD/DVD) stored as a single file. In the context of Android-x86, the ISO contains:
┌─────────────────────────────────────┐ │ Android Applications │ ├─────────────────────────────────────┤ │ Android Framework (Java) │ ├─────────────────────────────────────┤ │ Native Libraries / Runtime (ART) │ ├─────────────────────────────────────┤ │ Hardware Abstraction Layer │ │ (x86-specific HALs – audio, wifi) │ ├─────────────────────────────────────┤ │ Linux Kernel (x86_64) │ │ + Android patches + DRM + Ashmem │ ├─────────────────────────────────────┤ │ x86 PC Hardware (BIOS/UEFI) │ └─────────────────────────────────────┘ android-x86 iso image