In standard badlands, overland flow generates a network of rills and gullies. In TPB, the substrate (typically smectite-rich clays or volcanic tuffs) promotes piping and sapping, creating undercut banks and box canyons. When a torrent occurs, it scours these features, depositing organic debris (seeds, carcasses) and trapping water in isolated plunge pools. Prey species, seeking moisture or escape routes, must navigate these channels.
[Generated AI] Journal: Journal of Extreme Landscape Ecology (Vol. 14, Issue 2) Date: April 14, 2026
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